Jun
5
2015
Bastian Asmus
Am Wochenende 27./28. Juni 2015 werde ich im Campus Galli Projekt eine bronzene rekonstruierte mittelalterliche Bienenkorbglocke gießen. Das Ziel der Rekonstruktion ist der Guss einer funktionierenden Glocke, wobei nur authentische Arbeitstechniken zum Einsatz kommen. Dies gilt sowohl für die Herstellung des Glockenmodells, der Gussform, als auch für das Schmelzen und Gießen des Glockenmetalls.
Eine Bienenkorbglocke aus dem 11. Jahrhundert ist diese Bienenkorbglocke aus Hachen. Quelle: Verändertes Photo von Vincent Duseigne via Wikimedia Commons.
Das Campus Galli Projekt hat sich die Rekonstruktion des St. Gallener Klosterplans aus dem neunten Jahrhundert zum Ziel gemacht. Die drei Bienenkorbglocken die zunächst für eine Rekonstruktion in Frage kommen, sind die Glocken von Canino in Oberitalien, die Glocke aus Haithabu, sowie die Glocke von Hachen. Bei diesen Glocken handelt es sich um Glocken deren Form an einen Bienenkorb erinnert. Da die Technik des Glockengusses vom Benediktinermönch Theophilus Presbyter zu Beginn des 12. Jahrhunderts beschrieben wurde, werden diese Glocken auch Theophilusglocken genannt. Der Vergleich der Glocken mit der Beschreibung des Mönchs, lässt den Schluss zu, dass dieser eine lebendige Tradition beschrieb, die mindestens bis in das 9. Jahrhundert, vermutlich aber noch weiter, zurückreicht. Bemerkenswert sind z.B. die dreieckigen Löcher, die sich auch an der Glocke aus Hachen befinden, hier aber nur angedeutet sind. Theophilus war der Meinung, dass es sich dabei um Klanglöcher handele. Moderne Versuche von Hans Drescher haben ergeben, dass dies nicht der Fall ist, und die Löcher nicht zum Klang beitragen . Continue reading
3 comments | tags: Archäometallurgie, Bienenkorbglocke, Bronzeguss, Experimentelle Archäologie, Gießerei, Glocke, Mittelalter, Theophilus Presbyter, Verlorene Form, Wachsausschmelzverfahren | posted in Archaeometallurgie, Demonstration, Gießerei, Rekonstruktionen
Mai
22
2015
Bastian Asmus
Aristoteles und Phyllis Aquamanile, 2015 von Bastian Asmus nach einem niederländischem Original aus dem 15. Jahrhundert.
Aristoteles und Phyllis in einem Ausschnitt aus dem Maltererteppich. heute im Augustinermuseum Freiburg. Quelle: Wikimedia Commons.
Das mittelhochdeutsche Märe um Aristoteles und Phyllis entstand wohl im 13. Jahrhundert am Oberrhein zwischen Basel und Strassburg. Dieses Märe war ein beliebtes Motiv und findet sich nicht nur in plastischen Werken, sondern auch in Teppichen und Zeichnungen. König Philipp von Mazedonien lässt seinen Sohn Alexander, später der Große genannt, von Aristoteles erziehen. Der junge Alexander, unsterblich in die schöne Phyllis verliebt, wird von seinem Lehrmeister für seine geistige Abwesenheit gescholten und vor den Gefahren der Liebe gewarnt. Aristoteles erreicht die Trennung der Liebenden durch Intervention beim König. Auf Rache sinnend verführt Phyllis Aristoteles und verlangt als Preis für ihre Liebe, dass sie auf seinem Rücken im Garten umher reiten dürfe. Hierbei wird Aristoteles von der Königin entdeckt und fällt der Schmach und Schande anheim, da er seinen eigenem Ansprüchen nicht genügen kann. Er wird verbannt und sinnt daraufhin über die Schlechtigkeit der Welt nach.
Aristoteles und Phyllis. Hausbuchmeister 15. Jahrhundert. Quelle: Wikimedia Commons.
Zur Herstellungstechnik des Aquamanilen: Dieses Aquamanile wurde aus Bronze im Wachsausschmelzverfahren gegossen. Dazu wurde ein Modell aus Bienenwachs modelliert. Das hier abgebildete Aquamanile ist eine Nachschöpfung und steht heute im Europäischen Hansemuseum in Lübeck.
2 comments | tags: Bronzeguss, Gießerei, Gotik, Verlorene Form, Wachsausschmelzverfahren | posted in Allgemein, Aquamanile, Archaeometallurgie, Gießerei, materielle Kultur, Reenactment, Rekonstruktionen
Mai
22
2015
Bastian Asmus
Ritter Aquamanile
Neben den Löwen und Greifen Aquamanile gab es weitere Formen von Aquamanilen. Eine große Gruppe bildeten die Reiter oder Ritter Aquamanilen . Einer dieser Ritter Aquamanilen entstand Anfang 2015 neu in meiner Werkstatt und das originale Stück aus dem 13. Jahrhundert stellt eine beeindruckende Leistung der mittelalterliche Gießkunst dar. Zur aufwendigen Gestaltung, die ein Ritter auf einem Pferd darstellt, kommen noch die völlig freistehenden Arme und Beine, sowie die Steigbügelhalter hinzu! Besondere Beachtung verdient aber das Zaumzeug, das teils unter 2mm Materialstärke aufweist.
Wie auch das Greifen Aquamanile kann es im neu gegründeten Europäischen Hansemuseum betrachtet werden.
Das Aquamanile entstand Anfang 2015 in der Werkstatt von Bastian Asmus. Es wurde aus Bienenwachs modelliert und im Wachsausschmelzverfahren aus Bronze gegossen. Es ist eine originalgetreue Neuschöpfung eines Ritter Aquamaniles aus dem 13. Jahrhundert.
Literatur
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1 comment | tags: Aquamanile, Bronzeguss, Gießerei, Gotik, Mittelalter | posted in Aquamanile, Archaeometallurgie, Gießerei, materielle Kultur, Reenactment, Rekonstruktionen
Mai
21
2015
Bastian Asmus
Dieses Greifen Aquamanile ist Anfang 2015 entstanden und kann ab dem 30. Mai 2015 im neu gegründeten Europäischen Hansemuseum betrachtet werden. Hierfür wurde der Greif von Ragna Asmus modelliert- Das Greifen Aquamanile hat ein Nürnberger Aquamanile aus dem 15. Jahrhundert zum Vorbild und ist heute im Metropolitan Museum New York zu sehen. Somit ist es erheblich jünger als das Löwen Aquamanile, das ich vor zwei Jahren modelliert habe. Continue reading
2 comments | tags: Bronzeguss, Gießerei, Gotik, Mittelalter, Wachsausschmelzverfahren | posted in Aquamanile, Archaeometallurgie, Gießerei, materielle Kultur, Reenactment, Rekonstruktionen
Apr
21
2015
Bastian Asmus
Hier geht es um das Selbstbildnis des Peter Vischer, wie es am Sebaldusgrab im der Nürnberger Selbalduskirche zu sehen ist.Peter Vischer der Ältere lebte von 1455-1529 in Nürnberg und schuf u.a. das Sebaldusgrab in der Sebalduskirche in Nürnberg.
Da ich meine Kunstgießerlehre in Nürnberg absolviert habe, verbindet mich ein besonderes Band mit den Nürnberger Persönlichkeiten der Renaissance, v.a. mit den Kunstgießern. Unter diesen nimmt Peter Vischer eine Sonderrolle ein, weshalb ich sein Selbstbildnis seinerzeit als eines von drei Gesellenstücken gegossen habe. Hier folgen ein paar Detailaufnahmen dieses Nachgusses.
Die Plastik wurde in einem Stück im Wachsausschmelzverfahren gefertigt. Gegossen wurde stehend mit einem simplen Anschnittsystem. Die Wandstärke beträgt in etwa 2.5- 3 mm. Die besondere Leistung besteht in dem fehlerfreien Guss, und dem minimalen Einsatz von Kernnägeln.
1 comment | tags: Bronzeguss, Peter Vischer, Renaissance | posted in Demonstration, Geschichte, Gießerei, Rekonstruktionen
Apr
16
2013
Bastian Asmus
Dieses Aquamanile aus Bronze hat das Aquamanile des Halberstädter Domschatzes zum Vorbild und ist heute noch als einer der wenigen Aquamanilien im ursprünglichen Funktionszusammenhang erhalten geblieben . Aquamanile, zuweilen auch als Aquaemanale, Aquimanile, Aquamanilia bezeichnet, setzt sich aus den lateinischen Worten aqua, für Wasser und manus, die Hand zusammen. Der Begriff wurde im Mittelalter vorrangig für das Auffangbecken des Wassers verwendet, das eigentliche Gießgefäß wurde in der Regel als urceus, also lateinisch für Krug, bezeichnet . Aquamanile dienten der rituellen Handwaschung der Priester vor der Messe. Die Sitte der Handwaschung war aber nicht auf den liturgischen Gebrauch beschränkt. In Haushalten mit hohem sozialen Status ist der Gebrauch von Aquamanilien ebenfalls anzutreffen gewesen. Diese unterschieden sich zum Teil in ihren Motiven. Während beispielsweise Greif und Löwe in der Liturgie Anwendung fanden, kamen Reiter (Ritter) oder das bekannte Aristoteles und Phyllis Aquamanile an gehobenen Tafeln zum Einsatz.
Detailaufnahme der Mähne des Aquamanilen
Im letzten Monat habe ich ein Aquamanile des 13. Jahrhunderts modelliert und in der Gießereiwerkstatt in Bronze gegossen. Da das Löwenaquamanile im Wachsausschmelzverfahren nach der verlorenen Form gegossen wurde, musste ein Wachsmodell modelliert werden. Dieses wurde, wie es der Benedektiner Mönch und Goldschmied Theophilus Presbyter beschrieben hatte, über einen Kern aus Lehm hergestellt.
Dazu wurden Wachsplatten hergestellt und im warmen Zustand an den Kern angelegt. Auch dies schildert Theophilus. Es wäre auch möglich gewesen eine Wachsschicht durch wiederholtes Tauchen zu erzeugen. Allerdings ist diese Methode in den Schriftquellen nicht erwähnt. Nach dem Aufbringen der Wachsschicht wurden die Details des Löwen modelliert und mit einer feinen Verzierung bedacht, wie z.B. an der Mähne.
Portraitaufnahme des Aquamanilen
Das Aquamanile wiegt 4.9 kg und hat ein Fassungsvermögen von 1.35 l. Der neu geschaffene Löwe kann in seiner ursprünglichen Funktion als Wasserspender bei der Handwaschung bei den Veranstaltungen des französischen Projekts Fief et chevalerie zur Geschichtsdarstellung des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts erlebt werden.
Literatur:
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Medieval bronze aquamanile in the form of a lion
Bild 1 von 7
Dies ist eine Neuschöpfung des mittelalterlichen bronzenen Löwenaquamaniles von Halberstadt.
Das Original ist im Halberstädter Dommuseum.
This is a lion aquamanile that was made after the medieval bronze aquamanile of Halberstadt. The original is in the Halberstädter Dommuseum.
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