Karolingische Bienenkorbglocke gegossen
Bastian Asmus
VIDEO
Eine Bienenkorbglocke für den Campus
Die Bienenkorbglocke für den Campus Galli ist erfolgreich gegossen. –Drei Anläufe waren notwendig eine vollständige Glocke zu gießen. Nun ist am 28.4.2018 zum ersten Mal seit hunderten von Jahren eine Bienenkorbglocke nach den Vorschriften des Theophilus Presbyter erfolgreich gegossen worden. Der Klang ist bereits jetzt – obgleich die Glocke noch nicht bearbeitet ist – atemberaubend und zeigt den für Bienenkorbglocken typischen, herben Klang. – Ich bin begeistert! Die Glocke von Canino ist nun nicht nur in ihrer Form und Gestalt, sondern auch in ihrer Herstellungsweise kompromisslos nach der vorzüglichen mittelalterlichen Handschrift des Theophilus Presbyter gefertigt worden . Die Glockengussexperimente auf dem Campus Galli sind damit endlich zu einem vorläufigen glücklichen Ende gekommen. Die Glocke kann noch bis Pfingsten auf dem Campus Galli als Rohguss betrachtet werden. Danach wird sie bearbeitet und auf dem Campus installiert.-
Angewandte Archäometallurgie: Der Henkel der vollständigen Bienenkorbglocke von Gussexperiment Nr. 3 im Jahr 2018.
https://archaeometallurgie.de/sound/glocke2018.ogg
Die Bienenkorbglocke
Die Bienenkorbglocke richtet sich in ihrer Form nach der ältesten bekannten gegossenen Bronzeglocke: Der Glocke von Canino.- Sie hat einen Durchmesser von 39 cm am Schlagring und wiegt 44 kg. Man beachte die dreieckigen Schall- oder Klanglöcher dieser Glocke aus dem 8./9. Jahrhundert. Auch Theophilus beschreibt diese noch im 12. Jahrhundert. Nach der einhelligen Meinung der Campanlogen tragen diese allerdings nicht zum Schall bei.
Zeichnung der Glocke von Canino in der Erstpublikation dieses Fundes [zotpressInText item="{4ICDYHGU}"].
Bienenkorbglockenguss im Mittelalter ist nur gemeinschaftlich zu schaffen
Neben vielen technischen Details auf die zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt noch eingegangen werden wird, ist das wohl wichtigste Fazit, dass ein großes und gut aufeinander eingespieltes Team vonnöten ist und den Guss erfolgreich zu meistern. Dies ist uns dieses Jahr in besonders guter Weise gelungen. Dies lässt auch ein paar Schlüsse für die Vergangenheit zu, denn es ist gute Kommunikation notwendig um den gesamten Prozess erfolgreich umzusetzen.
Einige Wermutstropfen bleiben dennoch
Zwar ist die Glocke vollständig, aber die zu untersuchenden Eigenschaften des Formlehms habe auch zu unerwünschten Effekten geführt. Zum einen wurde dieses Mal nur eine schlechtere Gussoberflächenqualität erreicht, zum anderen kam es erstmalig zum Bruch der Form. Durch die Verdämmung und besonnenes Handeln während des Gusses konnte die Glocke gerettet, werden, obwohl die Form unterhalb des Henkels gebrochen ist. Dennoch hat dies einen negativen Einfluss auf den Henkel gehabt, was im Bild ganz oben gut erkennbar ist.
Ausblick
Die nächste Glocke die ich auf diese Weise gießen werde ist die Glocke von Hachen. Diese ist heute im Glockenmuseum Grassmayr zu sehen, die ich aufgrund des überaus freundlichen Entgegenkommens von Seiten Johannes Grassmayrs im dortigen Museum vermessen darf. In diesem Versuch werden neben bewährten Lehmrezepturen, weitere Feinheiten des Formbrandes, sowie der Schmelzführung untersucht werden.
Literatur
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