Löwen Aquamanile
Bastian Asmus
Dieses Aquamanile aus Bronze hat das Aquamanile des Halberstädter Domschatzes zum Vorbild und ist heute noch als einer der wenigen Aquamanilien im ursprünglichen Funktionszusammenhang erhalten geblieben . Aquamanile, zuweilen auch als Aquaemanale, Aquimanile, Aquamanilia bezeichnet, setzt sich aus den lateinischen Worten aqua, für Wasser und manus, die Hand zusammen. Der Begriff wurde im Mittelalter vorrangig für das Auffangbecken des Wassers verwendet, das eigentliche Gießgefäß wurde in der Regel als urceus, also lateinisch für Krug, bezeichnet . Aquamanile dienten der rituellen Handwaschung der Priester vor der Messe. Die Sitte der Handwaschung war aber nicht auf den liturgischen Gebrauch beschränkt. In Haushalten mit hohem sozialen Status ist der Gebrauch von Aquamanilien ebenfalls anzutreffen gewesen. Diese unterschieden sich zum Teil in ihren Motiven. Während beispielsweise Greif und Löwe in der Liturgie Anwendung fanden, kamen Reiter (Ritter) oder das bekannte Aristoteles und Phyllis Aquamanile an gehobenen Tafeln zum Einsatz.
Detailaufnahme der Mähne des Aquamanilen
Im letzten Monat habe ich ein Aquamanile des 13. Jahrhunderts modelliert und in der Gießereiwerkstatt in Bronze gegossen. Da das Löwenaquamanile im Wachsausschmelzverfahren nach der verlorenen Form gegossen wurde, musste ein Wachsmodell modelliert werden. Dieses wurde, wie es der Benedektiner Mönch und Goldschmied Theophilus Presbyter beschrieben hatte, über einen Kern aus Lehm hergestellt.
Dazu wurden Wachsplatten hergestellt und im warmen Zustand an den Kern angelegt. Auch dies schildert Theophilus. Es wäre auch möglich gewesen eine Wachsschicht durch wiederholtes Tauchen zu erzeugen. Allerdings ist diese Methode in den Schriftquellen nicht erwähnt. Nach dem Aufbringen der Wachsschicht wurden die Details des Löwen modelliert und mit einer feinen Verzierung bedacht, wie z.B. an der Mähne.
Portraitaufnahme des Aquamanilen
Das Aquamanile wiegt 4.9 kg und hat ein Fassungsvermögen von 1.35 l. Der neu geschaffene Löwe kann in seiner ursprünglichen Funktion als Wasserspender bei der Handwaschung bei den Veranstaltungen des französischen Projekts Fief et chevalerie zur Geschichtsdarstellung des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts erlebt werden.
Literatur:
{1698736:XA7SCCQ7};{1698736:34ENH5H5}
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Medieval bronze aquamanile in the form of a lion
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Dies ist eine Neuschöpfung des mittelalterlichen bronzenen Löwenaquamaniles von Halberstadt.
Das Original ist im Halberstädter Dommuseum.
This is a lion aquamanile that was made after the medieval bronze aquamanile of Halberstadt. The original is in the Halberstädter Dommuseum.