Glockengießerei nach Theophilus Presbyter
Bastian Asmus
Guss der Glockenspeise während des Gusses einer Bienenkorbglocke. Photo: © Oliver Bonstein 2015.
Im neuesten Anschnitt ist soeben ein Artikel zur experimentellen Glockengießerei nach Theophilus Presbyters Glockengusskapitel erschienen .
Der Artikel behandelt neben der Beschreibung des archäometallurgischen Versuchs auch die archäologischen und historischen Quellen zur Glockengießerei. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Rekonstruktion des Formstoffs, sowie der Rekonstruktion eines von Theophilus Presbyters beschriebenen Schmelzofen, der nach dem Kaminprinzip arbeitet. Überlegungen und Berechnungen zum Energiebedarf runden den Artikel ab. Es konnte z.B. gezeigt werden, dass mit Theophilus‘ Ofen eine Metallmenge von 44 kg Glockenspeise (CuSn20) mit nur 36 kg Holzkohle schmelzen ließ.
Abstract
Der Autor Theophilus Presbyter hat uns ein sehr umfangreiches Manuskript hinterlassen in welchen er den Stand der Technik des 12. Jahrhunderts dokumentiert. Er behandelt darin Malerei, Glasherstellung, Goldschmiedekunst, Schmieden, Orgelbau und die Gießerei. Außerdem wird beschrieben, welche Werkzeuge notwendig und wie diese herzustellen sind.
Ein Kapitel ist dem Glockenguss gewidmet. Es ist das umfangreichste in Theophilus‘ Schedula und beschreibt den Prozess sehr detailliert. Dieser Artikel beschreibt einen Versuch zum Glockenguss, der sich an die Vorschriften aus Theophilus Presbyters gleichnamigen Kapitel hält und dabei die archäologischen Funde und Befunde zum frühen Glockenguss berücksichtigt.
Literatur
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